Modernization theory explains the progress and development of technology in more stable regions of the world. Therefore, this paper rigorously assessed the different characteristics of modernization, dependency, and multiplicity paradigms. The foundations of modernization theory go back to the age of enlightenment, when a number. Development theory, cluster of research and theories on economic and political development. The origin of dependency theory came as an alternative to the theories of modernisation and development as formulated and. The local or international influence is in context with the culture and not the economy that western developers had created for it. Modernization theory studies the process of social evolution and the development of. Difference between modernization theory and dependency. Since, the field has not experienced a linear evolution in which new approaches superseded and replaced previous ones. Instead it bears the signature of an intellectuals movement. The endogenous explanation is a modernization theory.
Relationships with developed countries and particularly with multinational corporations were viewed as barriers. There are two levels of analysis in classical modernization theory. A theory of the evolution of modern sport stefan szymanski1 november 2006 abstract this paper argues that modern sport developed out of new forms of associativity created during the european enlightenment. Since the term modern is used to describe a wide range of periods, any definition of modernity must account for the context in question. Farhan ahmad faiz 2 historical background to modernization theory 1 post world war twos deepening poverty in some countries 2 ideological competition from communism 3 increasing unrest in some countries 4 the above posed a threat to capitalism, and especially the usa 5 this led to the. Chapter four, which is the last, deals with the alternative strategies of development. Modernization refers to a model of a progressive transition from a premodern or traditional to a modern society.
It isnt even a theory, that is to say, a work of intellectual architecture, free standing and wellfounded. Still others critique modernization theory for failing to account for the unsustainable nature of the project, in an environmental sense, and point out that premodern, traditional, and indigenous cultures typically had much more environmentally conscious and symbiotic relationships between people and the planet. Modernisation theory is the fundamental proposition that people in traditional societies should adopt the characteristics of modern societies in order to modernize their social, political and economic institutions. We can now start by examining the major characteristics of a fully perfect credible polity. Modernization theory is a theory used to explain the process of modernization within societies. This means in other words that the people give up their old ways of living, old methods of. Modernization theory focuses specifically on a type of modernization thought to have originated in europe during the 17th century, which brought social mores and technological achievements into a new epoch. The writer used development theories inline with modernization and dependency theories to find out its effect to. Consequently, the modernization, dependency and multiplicity paradigms were emerged having different approaches to.
As a preface to the subsequent analysis, the first section of the paper outlines some of the origins and characteristic features of modernization theory. Modernization theory and changes over time in the reproduction. Postmodernism, however, is not a natural kind nor a material artifact. Modernisation and dependency repub, erasmus university. Robert ward highlights ten characteristics of economic modernisation. Modernization theory is a description and explanation of the processes of transformation from traditional or underdeveloped societies to modern societies.
Modernization theory is a theory used to explain the process of modernization that a nation goes through as it transitions from a traditional society to a modern one. The next section will discuss an alternative theory of development, which is dependence theory. That is, the focus is on the material conditions of life and the modernisation of the. Modern can mean all of postmedieval european history, in the context of dividing history into three large epochs. This article provides information about the concept of modernisation. Karl deutsch has coined the term social mobilization to denote most of the sociodemographic aspects of modernization. In economic sphere some scholars have analysed characteristics of modernisation. It was presented by american economist walt whitman rostow in 1960 as an alternative view of marxist interpretation of history. Modernisation theory thought the third world should develop like the first world there are two main aspects of modernisation theory 1 its explanation of why poor countries are underdeveloped, and 2 its proposed solution to underdevelopment. In the words of one of the major proponents, historically, modernization is the process of change towards those types of social, economic, and. They fail to understand that value systems and institutions tend to be culturespecific. The proponents of modernization theory claimed that underdeveloped countries were held back by certain cultural characteristics, or their lack of adherence to specific economic policies that followed given stages of. Society for comparative studies in society and history.
Historically, modernization is the process of change towards those types of social, economic. Modernization theory studies the process of social evolution and the. The german brand of history of societygesellschaftsgeschichtehas been known from its beginning in the 1970s for its application of sociological and politological modernization theories to german history. A thesis submitted to the school of graduate studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree master of arts mcmaster university august1983.
Modernization theory and dependency theory are two development theories between which some difference can be identified. The use of the term development to refer to national economic growth emerged in the united states beginning in the 1940s and in association with a key american foreign policy concern. Two methodological similarities may be noted at the outset. The common characteristics of modernization refer both to what may be called. Modernization, modernization theory and its criticism. Modernisation refers to a model of a progressive transition from a premodern or traditional to a modern society. The name and concept of development is a bone of contention for many scholars on the globe, mainly following the second world war. The special social and cultural characteristics associated with being modern. As nations develop, adopting a communist approach to governing would end conflict, exploitation, and inequality. Modernization theory studies the process of social evolution and the development of societies.
Several specific hypotheses are derived from blaus theory and are tested with crossnational data. The common characteristics of modernization refer both to what may be called sociodemographic aspects of societies and to structural aspects of social organization. Both modernisation and dependency theory make the mistake of treating ldcs least developed countries as homogeneous i. The theory looks at the internal factors of a country while assuming that, with assistance, traditional countries can be brought to development in the same manner more developed countries have. Development and underdevelopment in the third world. There are also general characteristics of modernisation in different spheres like economic, political, educational and sociocultural.
John gow semester 012005 oliver basu mallick student id 3042542 mail oliver. The extent to which the theory can provide an explanation between two or more facts. Shils, the theory of mass society, diogenes, 39 1963, 4566. The difference between modernization theory and dependency theory is that one explains how developed states operate and grow, while the other explains the exact opposite.
What is the difference between modernization theory and. The dependency theory, introduced by raul prebisch in the late 1950s, is an economic concept that identifies a financial dependence between the rich and the poor nations. A critical analysis in the changing world situation after the post 1945 era, the development of modernization theory in order to modernise the rest of the world in line with american development is interestingly significant in the history of development studies. In other words, these advanced societies are characterised by various indicators of modernisation such as nationalist ideology, democratic associations. This article delineates the history of modernisation theory. Modernization theory, dependency theory and world systems. It argues that the fundamental unit of modern sport is the club, and that these associations developed autonomously in britain during the. The concept of modernization incorporates the full spectrum of the transition and drastic transformation that a. Modernisation and the aspirations to modernity are probably the most overwhelming theme which has engaged the attention of sociologists, political scientists, economists and many others. Rostows stages of economic growth the rostows stages of economic growth model is one of the liner economic models of historic economic growth. Modernization theory was presented by hansulrich wehler in particular as the way to transform traditional german history, that is. Communication theories in a field like communication, theories are important to understand because they. An important inspiration for modernisation theory derived from the work of. Dependency theory seeks to analyze international politics by concerning itself with the existing unequal relationship among nationstates i.
Modernization and aspirations to modernity are probably the most. Modernization theory emphasized internal factors while making an exception of science. Development rostows of development and ist relevance in. The basic assumption of this theory, in any of its versions, is that there is one gen. Pdf on jan 1, 2010, prateek goorha and others published modernization. This therefore is a theory based on the ideas of post development, using the critiques of development such as moderation theory, enlightenment and capitalism. However, the way modernization theory suggests for. Matunhu department of development studies, midlands state university, zimbabwe and published in african journal of history and culture vol. The basic assumption of this theory, in any of its versions, is that there is one general end page 157 process of which democratization is but the final stage.
The process of transforming a backward thinking society towards forward looking one modernisation helps a nation to establish its own identity modernisation helps a nation to meet the needs of the people the use of new discoveries and technologies is rapid in modernisation a change in the outlook of the people is brought by. Read this comprehensive essay on modernisation, its meaning theory and characteristics. Modernisation theory is a body of thought which attempts to incorporate a large. Modernization consists of a gradual differentiation and specialization of social structures. Modernisation theory evolved from two ideas about social change.
Previously the people used to spin cloths through spindles and live in traditional. Modernization, structural characteristics, and societal rates of crime. A critique of modernization and dependency theories in. Communication models seek to represent the structure and key elements of the communication process. Dependency theory highlights that due to colonial and postcolonial endeavors the countries at the periphery are constantly exploited by those at the core. A theory used to explain the process of modernization that a nation goes through. Development theory economics and political science. The modernisation theory of development the modernization the movement of the 1950s and 1960s is an economic theory that is rooted in capitalism. Modernization theory is used to explain the process of modernization within societies. Dependency theory and its close relative, world system theory, emphasized the role of external relationships in the developmental process. The characteristics that indicate how much of a given phenomenon the theory seeks to explain.
Modernization theory an overview sciencedirect topics. Modernization theory argues that, as societies industrialize and further develop. The results are for the most part in accord with theoretical. Fro this, m section 2 goes on to discuss the underlying similarities between various strands in modernisation theory, and those between the different forms of challenge and critique. Modernization theory oxford research encyclopedia of. Review journal a paper for theory of political economic development this journal was written by j. Modernization theory and the comparative study of societies.
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